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p. xi). See also Dworkin,  Do We Have a Right to Pornography? , p. 359.
12 Dworkin,  Do We Have a Right to Pornography? , p. 353.
13 See R. Dworkin,  Women and Pornography , New York Review, 21 October 1993, p. 41.
14 For a similar  but ad hominem  challenge to Dworkin see R. Langton,  Whose
Right? Ronald Dworkin, Women, and Pornographers , Philosophy and Public Affairs,
vol. 19, no. 4, 1990.
15 C. MacKinnon,  Francis Biddle s Sister in her Feminism Unmodified, Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987, p. 178. See also C. MacKinnon,  Not a Moral
Issue , ibid., p. 155.
16 See C. MacKinnon,  Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination in her
Feminism Unmodified. For analysis see A.S. Laden,  Radical Liberals, Reasonable
Feminists , The Journal of Political Philosophy, vol. 11, no. 2, 2003.
17 MacKinnon,  Not a Moral Issue , p. 148. See also C. MacKinnon, Only Words,
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993, p. 25.
18 None of the ordinances became law. For an account of the legislative debates see C.
MacKinnon,  The Roar on the Other Side of Silence in D. Cornell (ed.), Feminism
and Pornography. See also A. Dworkin and C. MacKinnon, In Harm s Way:
Pornography Civil Rights Hearing, Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1998.
19 MacKinnon, Only Words, pp.121 2, n. 32.
20 Note, however, that the ordinance allows that  the use of  men, children, or transsex-
uals in the place of  women is also pornography (MacKinnon, ibid., p. 122, n. 32).
21 For an argument against this restrictive definition see Feinberg, ibid., p. 145.
22 See the papers in Part V, D. Cornell (ed.), Feminism and Pornography.
23 MacKinnon, ibid., p. 71.
24 C. MacKinnon,   More Than Simply a Magazine : Playboy s Money in her Feminism
Unmodified, p. 140.
25 MacKinnon,  Not a Moral Issue , p. 156.
26 MacKinnon,  Francis Biddle s Sister , pp. 181 2.
27 See MacKinnon, ibid., p. 193.
28 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 40.
29 See H. Steiner, An Essay on Rights, Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
30 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 38.
31 MacKinnon,  Not a Moral Issue , p. 156.
32 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 38.
33 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 41.
34 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 40.
35 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 42.
36 R. Dworkin, ibid., p. 41.
37 For MacKinnon s response to Dworkin, and Dworkin s response to MacKinnon s
response, see  Pornography: An Exchange , New York Review, 3 March 1994.
NOTES 197
38 J.L. Austin, How to Do Things With Words, London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
39 R. Langton,  Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts , Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol.
22, no. 4, 1993. In this paper she also argues that pornography subordinates women in
virtue of its perlocutionary effects; however, I do not address this argument.
40 Langton, ibid., pp. 319, 324; italics in original.
41
Nobody heard him, the dead man,
But still he lay moaning:
I was much further out than you thought
And not waving but drowning.
Poor chap, he always loved larking
And now he s dead
It must have been too cold for him his heart gave way,
They said.
Oh, no no no, it was too cold always
(Still the dead one lay moaning)
I was much too far out all my life
And not waving but drowning.
(Stevie Smith,  Not Waving but Drowning ).
42 It goes without saying that the conventions supplying the felicity conditions for
marrying by uttering  I do can change so as to secure illocutionary enablement for
this class of people with respect to the act of marrying through the utterance  I do .
This is what the pro-gay marriage lobby aims at.
43 Langton, ibid., pp. 323 4. Langton s reference to the  move of protest relates to
Linda Marchiano s account of her coercion and abuse in the making of Deep Throat
(L. Marchiano, Ordeal, Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1980), which was subsequently
marketed in some contexts as pornography, and so became pornography. See
Langton, ibid., p. 321 2.
44 Although Langton indicates that she thinks her analysis does lend support to pro-
censorship arguments, she does not herself  at least in this paper  advocate
censorship. See Langton, ibid., pp. 329 30.
45 For critique of Langton on grounds unrelated to the consequences of her analysis for
questions of censorship see D. Jacobson,  Freedom of Speech Acts? A Response to
Langton , Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 24, 1995.
46 Langton, ibid., p. 304.
47 See Langton, ibid., p. 325.
48 Langton makes this quite explicit. See ibid., pp. 305, 329.
49 Langton, ibid., p. 305.
50 Langton, ibid., p. 329.
51 See, for example, A. Dworkin, Pornography: Men Possessing Women.
52 See J. Hornsby,  Free and Equal Speech , Imprints, vol. 1, no. 2, 1996.
53 See T. Modood,  Muslims, Incitement to Hatred, and the Law in J. Horton (ed.),
Liberalism, Multiculturalism and Toleration, Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1993.
10 Holocaust denial
1 I would like to thank Gideon Calder, and audiences at the LSE Department of
Government seminar, the LSE Department of Philosophy seminar in Philosophy and
Public Policy, and the University of Brighton Philosophy Society, for useful
198 NOTES
comments on this chapter. Thanks are also due to Charles Boundy and Tony Bruce
at Routledge for legal advice.
2 P. Levi, If This Is A Man, London: Abacus, 1987.
3 See J.S. Mill, On Liberty in Utilitarianism, M. Warnock (ed.), London: Fontana Press,
1962, chapter 1.
4  Tell Me Everything , Holocaust History Organisation. Available on-line:
http://www.holocaust-history.org/short-essays/general.shtml ccessed 12 August 2004.
Another excellent introductory resource is the Holocaust Encyclopaedia (hosted by
the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum). Available on-line:
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en. Accessed 23 August 2004. The statistics given in
this section are taken from the Encyclopaedia.
5 M. Shermer and A. Grobman, Denying History, Berkeley: University of California
Press, 2000, p. 101. I use this definition of the Holocaust in order to provide a tight
focus on the activities of Holocaust deniers, whose attentions are overwhelmingly
devoted to this aspect of the Nazi atrocities. Use of this definition should not be
taken to indicate ignorance of, or a demotion of concern for, the other victims of the
Nazis.
6 See H. Bresheeth, S. Hood and L. Jansz, The Holocaust for Beginners, Cambridge:
Icon Books, 2000, p. 62.
7 See http://www.holocaust-history.org/short-essays/final-solution.shtml (accessed 12
August 2004); http://www.holocaust-history.org/hitler-final-solution/index.shtml
(accessed 12 August 2004).
8 See http://www.holocaust-history.org/short-essays/wannsee.shtml (accessed 12 August
2004).
9 For more on the history of European anti-semitism see S. Friedlander, Nazi Germany
and the Jews, Vol. 1, New York: HarperCollins, 1997. For more on the Holocaust see R.
Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, New York: Holmes and Meier, 1985; L.
Yahil, The Holocaust, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990; L. Dawidowicz, The War
Against the Jews, New York: Holt, Rinhart and Winston, 1975.
10 See http://www.holocaust-history.org/short-essays/nuremberg.shtml (accessed 16
August 2004).
11 For example, the Office of Special Investigations in the US Justice Department, and
Simone Wiesenthal s Nazi Documentation Centre in Vienna.
12 Shermer and Grobman, ibid., p. 100, emphasis in original.
13 See D. Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust, London: Penguin Books, 1993, pp. 21 9. See
also P. Vidal-Naquet, Assassins of Memory, New York: Columbia University Press,
1992, pp. 18 19; A.E. Mathis,  Holocaust, Denial of in P. Knight (ed.), Conspiracy
Theories in American History: An Encyclopaedia, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO,
2003. Also available on-line: http://www.holocaust-history.org/denial/abc-clio/
index.shtml. Accessed 13 August 2004.
14 See Lipstadt, ibid., pp. 31 48. [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]